{"id":2466,"date":"2026-02-27T22:33:06","date_gmt":"2026-02-27T21:33:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jacquescartier2034.org\/?p=2466"},"modified":"2026-03-02T11:16:16","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T10:16:16","slug":"les-vents-qui-ont-ouvert-latlantique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jacquescartier2034.org\/en\/les-vents-qui-ont-ouvert-latlantique\/","title":{"rendered":"Les vents qui ont ouvert l\u2019Atlantique"},"content":{"rendered":"

Au XVe si\u00e8cle, l\u2019expansion maritime portugaise ne repose pas seulement sur l\u2019audace des navigateurs, mais sur une compr\u00e9hension progressive des vents dominants de l\u2019Atlantique Nord<\/strong>.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les navires partis du Portugal pour explorer les c\u00f4tes africaines ne longent pas toujours les rivages. Afin de gagner du temps et d\u2019\u00e9viter les calmes c\u00f4tiers, ils s\u2019\u00e9loignent volontairement vers l\u2019ouest pour profiter des aliz\u00e9s, vents r\u00e9guliers soufflant du nord-est vers le sud-ouest. Ces vents portants facilitent la descente vers l\u2019Afrique, mais rendent le retour direct vers l\u2019Europe pratiquement impossible en navigation \u00e0 contre-vent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l\u2019aller, pour atteindre les r\u00e9gions australes de l\u2019Afrique, les navigateurs portugais adoptent des trajectoires de plus en plus au large. Apr\u00e8s avoir d\u00e9pass\u00e9 le cap Bojador ils s\u2019\u00e9loignent largement vers le sud-ouest afin de capter les vents d\u2019ouest sous le tropique du Capricorne, qui leur permettent ensuite de faire route vers l’actuel Cap de Bonne-Esp\u00e9rance .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u2019est dans ce contexte de navigation oc\u00e9anique qu\u2019apparaissent la d\u00e9couverte des archipels atlantiques. Les A\u00e7ores occupent une position strat\u00e9gique au c\u0153ur du syst\u00e8me d\u00e9pressionnaire nord-atlantique, tandis que les Canaries se situent \u00e0 la limite m\u00e9ridionale des aliz\u00e9s. Ces \u00eeles deviennent des points d\u2019appui essentiels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le retour vers l\u2019Europe, plut\u00f4t que de lutter contre les vents contraires, les navigateurs remontent jusqu\u2019aux environs du 35e parall\u00e8le nord, o\u00f9 ils rencontrent des vents d\u2019ouest puissants et relativement constants, capables de les ramener efficacement vers la p\u00e9ninsule Ib\u00e9rique. Cette man\u0153uvre, connue sous le nom de volta do mar<\/em>, devient l\u2019un des fondements de la navigation atlantique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette circulation des vents forme ainsi un immense circuit naturel. En le suivant toujours plus loin vers l\u2019ouest, certaines exp\u00e9ditions atteignent les rivages de l\u2019Br\u00e9sil, officiellement reconnus par le Portugal lors du voyage de Pedro \u00c1lvares Cabral en 1500. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien avant l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de cartes pr\u00e9cises, ce sont ainsi les vents eux-m\u00eames qui ont trac\u00e9 les premi\u00e8res routes de l\u2019Atlantique moderne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Au XVe si\u00e8cle, l\u2019expansion maritime portugaise ne repose pas seulement sur l\u2019audace des navigateurs, mais sur une compr\u00e9hension progressive des vents dominants de l\u2019Atlantique Nord. Les navires partis du Portugal…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2467,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-histoire"],"yoast_head":"\nLes vents qui ont ouvert l\u2019Atlantique - Jacques Cartier 2034<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jacquescartier2034.org\/en\/les-vents-qui-ont-ouvert-latlantique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les vents qui ont ouvert l\u2019Atlantique - Jacques Cartier 2034\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Au XVe si\u00e8cle, l\u2019expansion maritime portugaise ne repose pas seulement sur l\u2019audace des navigateurs, mais sur une compr\u00e9hension progressive des vents dominants de l\u2019Atlantique Nord. 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